Math Functions

Math functions accept INT64 and FLOAT64 numeric arguments. Unless noted otherwise, they return NULL when any argument is NULL.

Function	Returns	Description
`abs(value)`	`INT64` or `FLOAT64`	Absolute value. Preserves `INT64` input type.
`ceil(value)`	`INT64` or `FLOAT64`	Smallest integer value greater than or equal to `value`. Alias: `ceiling`.
`floor(value)`	`INT64` or `FLOAT64`	Largest integer value less than or equal to `value`.
`round(value)`	`INT64` or `FLOAT64`	Rounds to the nearest integer, with halves rounded away from zero. `INT64` input stays `INT64`.
`round(value, scale)`	`FLOAT64`	Rounds to `scale` decimal places. Negative scale rounds left of the decimal point.
`sqrt(value)`	`FLOAT64`	Square root. Negative inputs are invalid.
`pow(base, exponent)`	`FLOAT64`	`base` raised to `exponent`. Alias: `power`.
`mod(dividend, divisor)`	`INT64` or `FLOAT64`	Remainder after division. Returns `INT64` when both inputs are `INT64`; otherwise `FLOAT64`.
`sign(value)`	`INT64`	`-1`, `0`, or `1` depending on the sign of `value`.
`random()`	`FLOAT64`	Volatile value greater than or equal to `0.0` and less than `1.0`.

Examples

SELECT abs(year - 2000) AS delta
FROM robots
ORDER BY delta;

SELECT round(score, 2) AS rounded_score
FROM robots;

SELECT year
FROM robots
WHERE abs(year - 2002) <= 1
ORDER BY year;

SELECT pow(2, 3), mod(10, 3), sign(-2.5), random();
-- 8.0, 1, -1, a value in [0.0, 1.0)

Error Cases

abs fails on the minimum INT64 value because its positive value cannot be represented as INT64.

sqrt fails for negative values. mod fails when the divisor is zero. The second argument to round(value, scale) must be an INT64 that fits in a 32-bit integer range.

Examples​

Error Cases​

Examples

Error Cases